National Institute of Child Health & Human Development
Autism and the MMR Vaccine

References

Filipek PA, Accardo PJ, Ashwal S, Baranek GT, Cook, Jr EH, Dawson G, Gordon B, Gravel JS, Johnson CP, Kallen RJ, Levy SE, Minshew NJ, Ozonoff S, Prizant BM, Rapin I, Rogers SJ, Stone WL, Teplin SW, Tuchman RF, and Volkmar FR. (1999). The screening and diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disabilities, 29(6):439-484.

Filipek PA, Accardo PJ, Ashwal S, Baranek GT, Cook, Jr EH, Dawson G, Gordon B, Gravel JS, Johnson CP, Kallen RJ, Levy SE, Minshew NJ, Ozonoff S, Prizant BM, Rapin I, Rogers SJ, Stone WL, Teplin SW, Tuchman RF, and Volkmar FR. (2000). Practice parameter: screening and diagnosis of autism; Report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology and the Child Neurology Society. Neurology, 55:468-479.

Gillberg C and Heijbel H. (1998). MMR and autism. Autism, 2:423-4.

Halsey N, Hyman S, and The Conference Writing Panel. (2001). Measles-mumps-rubella vaccine and autistic spectrum disorders. Pediatrics, 107(5): e84-107

Horvath K, Papadimitriou JC, Rabsztyn A, Drachenberg C, and Tildon JT. (1999). Gatrointestinal abnormalities in children with autistic disorders. J Pediatr, 135(5):559-563.

Immunization Safety Review Committee, Board on Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Institute of Medicine. (2001). Immunization safety review: measles-mumps-rubella vaccine and autism. Stratton K, Gable A, Shetty P, and McCormick M (Eds.). Washington, DC: National Academy Press.

Kawashima H, Mori T, Kashiwaga Y, Takekuma H, Hoshika A, and Wakefield A. (2000). Detection and sequencing of measles virus from peripheral mononuclear cells from patients with inflammatory bowel disease and autism. Dig Dis Sci, 45(4):723-729.

Medicines Commission Agency/Committee on Safety of Medicines. (1999). The safety of the MMR vaccine. Curr Probl Curr Pharmacovigilance, 25:9-10.

Miller D, Wadsworth J, Diamond J, and Ross E. (1997) Measles vaccination and neurological events. Lancet, 349:730-731.

O’Leary JJ, Uhlmann V, and Wakefiled AJ. (2000). Measles virus and autism. Lancet, 356:772.

Singh VK, Lin SX, and Yang VC. (1998). Serological association of measles virus and human herpes virus-6 with brain autoantibodies in autism. Clin Immunol Immunopathol, 89:105-108.

Taylor B, Miller E, Farrington CP et al. (1999). Autism and measles, mumps, rubella vaccine: no epidemiological evidence of for a causal association. Lancet, 353:2026-2029.

Wakefield AJ, Murch S, Anthony A, et al. (1998). Ileal lymphoid nodular hyperplasia, non-specific colitis, and regressive developmental disorders in children. Lancet, 351:637-641.

Wakefield AJ, Anthony A, Murch SH, Thompson M, Montgomery SM, Davies S, O’Leary JJ, Phil D, Berelowitz M, and Walker-Smith JA. (2000). Enterocolitis in children with developmental disorders. Am J Gastroenterol, 95:2285-2295.

NICHD
Last Update: 08/15/2006